Balkan göçmenleri

Türkiye nüfusunun 15 milyonu Balkan kökenli. İzmir’de bir buçuk milyon civarında Balkan göçmeni var. Göçler 93 Harbi denen 1877-78 Osmanlı-Rus harbinden sonra başladı. Farklı yoğunlukta olmak üzere günümüze kadar sürüp geldi.
Zorunlu göçler tarifsiz ıstıraplara yol açtı. Bu tür göçler yurdundan, toprağından insafsızca koparılmaktır. Anneden, babadan, evlattan, kardeşten ve sevdiğinden ayrılmaktır.
Zorunlu göç hikayelerini sadece okumak bile insanın içini kanatır. Refik Halit Karay’ın ‘Gözyaşı’ adlı hikayesi bunlardandır. Anavatana kaçarken yolda iki çocuğunu kaybeden Gülayşe, çamurlara bata çıka Türk sınırına gelir. Sevinçlidir. Göğsünde taşıdığı en küçük yavrusuna seslenir: “Kurtulduk Ali kurtulduk!”
Ama o da ne, çocuk hareketsizdir. Çileli ana saatler boyu Ali’yi değil, Ali’nin cesedini taşıdığını fark edememiştir.
Hikaye, gözlerinin feri gitmiş kadının şu sözleri ile biter: “İşte o günden beri ben ağlayamam, ağlamak istesem de bilmem ki neden, gözlerimden yaş gelmiyor!”
Samiha Ayverdi’nin Mesihpaşa İmamı adlı romanında da bu ilk göçmenlerin İstanbul’daki durumları, acıklı tablolar halinde anlatılır.

KÜLTÜR ETKİNLİĞİ

Balkan göçmenleri çoğunlukla çalışkan ve becerikli insanlardır. AK Parti İzmir Milletvekili Rifat Said’in ifadesiyle: “Rumeli’den her türlü insan çıkmıştır ama vatan haini asla.”
BALGÖÇ Balkan göçmenlerine ait kültür ve dayanışma derneğinin adıdır. Derneğin İzmir şubesi 11 Haziran’da bir toplantı düzenledi. Bulgaristan’dan Türkiye’ye son büyük göçün 25. yılı vesilesiyle Gaziemir Atatürk Kültür Merkezi’nde yapıldı.
Gaziemir’in 130 bine varan nüfusunun büyük çoğunluğunu Balkan göçmenleri teşkil eder. Bu vatandaşlarımız, geldikleri yerleri unutmadılar. Ortak geçmişleri onlarda bir bilinç olarak devam ediyor.
Gaziemir Belediyesi onların duygu ve düşüncelerini Sarnıç yolu üzerinde bir anıt yaparak somut hale koymuş. Panolarda kabartma resimler ve çok hoş yazılar var. Biri şöyle: “Muhacirler, kaybedilmiş toprakların aziz hatıralarıdır – M. Kemal Atatürk”
Söz konusu etkinlikte önce Belene Portreleri isimli resim sergisi açıldı. Hepsi de hüzünlü, Belene kampının acılarını yansıtan insan portreleri. Ressam Rasim Özgür. “Asimilasyon ve Göç” adlı şiirli gölge oyunu duygulandırdı.
Bir de panel vardı. Kendisini Balkan Türklüğü çalışmalarına adamış Ünal Şenel yönetti. Onur konuğu, milli haltercimiz Naim Süleymanoğlu, Bulgaristan’dan kaçış hikayesini anlattı. Hüsniye Berraksu, Fadıl Ünal ve Mehmet Türker duygu, düşünce ve anılarını dile getirdiler.

N.HİKMET FETİŞİZMİ

Şunu düşünmeden edemedim: 1989’daki zorunlu göçün iki görünür sebebi vardı: İsim değiştirme zorunluluğu ve çocukların sünnet edilme yasağı. Bunlardan biri milli, öteki dini kimlikle ilgili. Yani Bulgaristan Türkleri milli ve dini kimliklerinden vazgeçmedikleri için yurtlarından oldular.
Gaziemir Atatürk K. Merkezi’nin sahnesinin önünde kocaman harflerle “Nazım Hikmet Sahnesi” yazıyor. Kendisi de bir göçmen torunu olan Belediye Başkanı H.İ. Şenol’a Sormak gerekir:
Acaba N. Hikmet’in bizim milli ve dini kimliğimize, kültürümüze ne gibi bir katkısı olmuş da sahneye onun ismi verilmiş ve salona iri bir fotoğrafı konmuştur?

101 yorum

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